Two adults in New Hampshire have been hospitalized with Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus, a rare but serious disease transmitted by mosquitoes. The recent cases highlight the seriousness of EEE and the importance of taking precautions against mosquito bites.
Understanding Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)
EEE is a rare but severe mosquito-borne illness that can cause serious neurological problems. It’s primarily found in the eastern and central United States. While EEE is not as common as other mosquito-borne illnesses like West Nile Virus, it poses a significant risk due to its potential for severe complications.
How EEE Spreads
EEE virus spreads through the bite of infected mosquitoes. These mosquitoes typically become infected by feeding on infected birds. Once infected, a mosquito can transmit the virus to humans and other animals through a bite.
EEE in Humans: A Rare Threat
Human cases of EEE are relatively rare, with an average of 7 cases reported annually in the United States. However, the disease can be life-threatening. About 30% of people who develop EEE disease die from the infection, and many survivors experience ongoing neurological problems.
Symptoms of EEE Infection
EEE infection can cause a range of symptoms, from mild to severe. Some people infected with the virus may not experience any symptoms at all. Others may develop mild flu-like symptoms, such as:
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Chills
In severe cases, EEE can lead to encephalitis, which is inflammation of the brain. Symptoms of encephalitis can include:
- High fever
- Stiff neck
- Headache
- Disorientation
- Seizures
- Coma
Diagnosing EEE
Diagnosing EEE can be challenging as its initial symptoms often resemble other illnesses. If a healthcare provider suspects EEE, they will likely perform a series of tests to confirm the diagnosis. These tests may include:
- Blood tests
- Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)
- Brain imaging scans, such as MRI
Treatment Options for EEE
Currently, there is no specific treatment for EEE virus infection. Treatment focuses on supportive care, addressing symptoms and managing complications. This may involve hospitalization, respiratory support, intravenous fluids, and medications to reduce brain swelling.
Protecting Yourself from EEE
Preventing mosquito bites is the most effective way to protect yourself from EEE. Here are some essential tips:
1. Use Mosquito Repellent
Apply an EPA-registered insect repellent containing DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, para-menthane-diol (PMD), or 2-undecanone. Follow product label instructions carefully, especially for children.
2. Wear Protective Clothing
When outdoors in mosquito-prone areas, cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks.
3. Mosquito-Proof Your Home
Use window and door screens to prevent mosquitoes from entering your house. Repair any holes in screens promptly.
4. Eliminate Mosquito Breeding Grounds
Mosquitoes breed in standing water. Regularly empty standing water from containers around your yard, such as flower pots, buckets, and gutters. Change the water in bird baths frequently.
EEE in Animals: Protecting Your Horses
Horses are particularly susceptible to EEE, and the disease is often fatal in these animals. Vaccinate your horses against EEE, especially if they live in or are transported to areas where the virus is common. Consult with your veterinarian for guidance on vaccination schedules and other preventive measures.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How common is EEE?
EEE is rare in humans, with an average of 7 cases reported annually in the US. However, it can be serious, with a fatality rate of about 30%.
Can I get EEE from another person?
No, EEE is not contagious and cannot be spread directly from person to person. The virus is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes.
What should I do if I think I’ve been exposed to EEE?
If you suspect you’ve been bitten by infected mosquitoes or have symptoms of EEE, consult a healthcare professional immediately. They can assess your risk and recommend appropriate testing and treatment if needed.
Protecting Yourself and Your Community
EEE is a serious health concern, but by taking preventive measures against mosquito bites, you can significantly reduce your risk of infection. Use insect repellent, wear protective clothing, and eliminate mosquito breeding grounds around your home. Remember to consult with your healthcare provider for personalized guidance and if you have any concerns about EEE or other mosquito-borne illnesses.
Source: WMUR